An interesting paper by Marion Dupont in the French newspaper "Le Monde" (20 June 2026, online): "Les pouvoirs de la musique, ou comment nous sommes devenus les chefs d'orchestre des bandes-son de nos vies".
I summarize it below, in English.
Marion Dupont examines how music listening has evolved from a largely collective cultural practice into a highly individualized activity closely linked to emotional regulation and self-management. Although music is one of the most widespread cultural activities today—more common than reading or video gaming—it is rarely discussed in depth despite its growing influence on everyday life.
Today, music accompanies people almost constantly: when waking up, working, exercising, commuting, relaxing, or falling asleep. Thanks to smartphones, streaming platforms, and portable devices, individuals can instantly select a soundtrack that matches or shapes their mood. Statistics from the French Ministry of Culture illustrate this transformation: while only 9% of French people listened to music daily in 1973, the figure has risen to 57% today. Among young adults, music consumption is nearly universal.
The article draws heavily on the work of American sociologist and musicologist Tia DeNora, particularly her influential book Music in Everyday Life (2000). Rather than asking what music means, DeNora investigated what people do with music in their daily lives. Through interviews with middle-class women, she discovered that music serves numerous practical functions: it helps people wake up, relax, focus, prepare for social events, cope with unpleasant situations, remember the past, or process emotions such as grief.
According to DeNora, these diverse uses are based on a shared belief that music possesses transformative power. People do not simply listen to music for entertainment; they actively use it to influence their emotions, perceptions, memories, and even their identities. She therefore describes music listening as a “technology of the self,” borrowing a concept from philosopher Michel Foucault. In this sense, music becomes a tool through which individuals shape their behavior, emotions, and sense of self in order to navigate modern life.
Several scholars expanded on DeNora’s ideas. Israeli sociologist Ori Schwarz argues that music functions both as a way of designing one’s environment and of shaping one’s inner emotional life. Whether accompanying a meal, a workout, household chores, or intimate moments, music is increasingly used to create desired atmospheres and emotional states.
The article emphasizes that this transformation has been closely linked to technological developments. Before the nineteenth century, listening to music generally required either performing it oneself or attending a specific venue such as an opera house, church, or concert hall. The invention of recording technologies, including the phonograph and gramophone, allowed music to enter private homes and be replayed repeatedly. This changed the listening experience by separating music from the circumstances of its original performance.
However, music remained a largely social activity for much of the twentieth century. Records were expensive, and listening often took place in family settings or communal spaces. A major shift occurred in 1979 with the introduction of Sony’s Walkman. By allowing individuals to listen privately through headphones, the Walkman created what researcher Michael Bull called a “sonic cocoon.” Music became portable, personal, and detached from specific locations, enabling listeners to construct unique soundtracks for everyday experiences.
The transition to digital music further accelerated this trend. File-sharing platforms such as Napster, Kazaa, and eMule gave users unprecedented access to vast musical libraries, while MP3 players and Apple’s iPod made it easier to organize personalized playlists. As a result, people increasingly curated their own emotional and aesthetic environments.
The article also connects these developments to broader digital culture. Contemporary users often build extensive collections of music, images, and videos designed to evoke specific moods. This tendency reflects the rise of “vibes” and “aesthetics” in online culture, where individuals consciously create emotional atmospheres through carefully selected media. According to art historian Valentina Tanni, this practice is part of a wider culture of self-optimization. Just as people track their sleep, calories, or productivity, they use music to regulate concentration, relaxation, and emotional well-being.
Yet this desire for control may reveal deeper anxieties. Tanni argues that the pursuit of emotional optimization is partly a response to social insecurity, economic instability, environmental concerns, and political uncertainty. Music offers what sociologist Raphaël Nowak calls “ontological security”: a reassuring sense of continuity and identity in an unpredictable world.
At the same time, control over musical experiences is increasingly shifting from listeners to digital platforms. Streaming services such as Spotify, Deezer, and Apple Music have transformed moods into marketable categories, offering playlists for relaxation, concentration, sadness, or exercise. Recommendation algorithms now analyze users’ habits, locations, and routines in order to anticipate what they might want to hear. As a result, music consumption is becoming less centered on artistic preferences and more focused on functional uses.
Nevertheless, the article concludes on a nuanced note. While platforms attempt to predict and influence listening behavior, human beings remain fundamentally unpredictable. People are not fully transparent to themselves, nor can algorithms completely understand their emotions or desires. Despite growing technological mediation, listeners still retain the capacity to seek novelty, change their habits, and be surprised by unexpected musical experiences. Music therefore remains a space where personal freedom, social influences, technological systems, and individual creativity continue to interact in complex ways.
Bibliography
Tia DeNora, Music in Everyday Life , Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Esteban Buch, Playlist. Musique et sexualité,
Paris, MF (éditions), 2022.
Martin Kaltenecker (dir.), L’Écoute. De l’Antiquité au XIXe siècle
Paris, MF / Philharmonie de Paris, 2024.
Valentina Tanni, Vibes Lore Core. Esthétique de l’évasion numérique,
Paris, Audimat, 2025.
Juliette Volcler, L’Orchestration du quotidien. Design sonore et écoute au XXIe siècle
, Paris, La Découverte, 2022.
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